Thursday, December 26, 2019

Nursing Theories, Metaparadigms, and Ways of Knowing - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1957 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Introduction The nursing field is complex for an individual to define since it is evolving, dynamic and extensive study involving theoretical as well as practical skills. The nurses are identified by clients in various ways. The nurses are identified using aspects such as empirics or science, ethical, aesthetics or art, personal as well as social-political understandings. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Nursing Theories, Metaparadigms, and Ways of Knowing" essay for you Create order There are different concepts applied in the nursing career, and they include metaparadigms and paradigms. Other fundamentals in the nursing career include various ways of knowing nursing theories in details. This paper discusses metaparadigms and paradigms concepts applied in nursing and ways of identifying nursing theories. Metaparadigms It is a combining force in the nursing discipline that is used to name phenomena. The central concepts applied in metaparadigms concept include nursing, environment, person, and health. Many philosophical disagreements have emerged from this theoretical project. First, conceptualization of the individual has been developed by the different theorist. Most of the nursing theories are distinguished in various manners in which they conceptualize the client. However, some of the nursing theories have expanded to the family and community level. Currently, there are several disagreements between the theorists on how nurses should understand the client as required by their profession. The understanding of human beings is a crucial aspect of nursing theory and practice. According to the ancient nursing practices, nurses employed the use of biomedical perspective which focused on the patient’s body. The method involved descriptions that determined the state of illness. It was prone to l aboratory tests. Currently, nursing practice and science have been identified by the clients and community as the only determinant of sickness (Wagner, n.d). Besides, conceptualization of health has been identified as a prior aspect. Currently, nurses have defined life as a critical outcome for any patient. Some of the theorists have identified health and quality life as totality paradigm. They have identified life as human wholeness as a compound of spiritual, social and psychological aspect dimensions. On the other hand, science theorists view human nature as complex and whole beings. Thus, health can only be reflected as a whole person.   The terms such as life gratification, functional status and well-being coping are attributed to quality life. According to Parse (1994), â€Å"quality of life cannot be separated from the person’s lived experience and thus can only be described at that moment by the person living the life.† Similarly, the human science research identified quality life as an ‘apprehension of the whole-in-motion’’ (Parse 1994 pp.19). The aspect has changed the nursing perspective whic h involved state and process of self-actualization or use of an individual’s life to wholesome being. Conceptualization of the environment is apparent to nursing theories. Some of the nursing theories identify environment as an immediate surrounding and circumstances of the individuals without giving detailed information to social, political and economic forces. Conversely, simultaneity paradigm determines person and environment as spreadable to the degree that a person is attached from the cosmos. Therefore, simultaneity theories have come up with a different view on the individual know-how of the environment decontextualized from common or political understandings. Regarding the environment concept to the perception of a person, challenges emerge the moment people are confronted with problems that cannot be comprehended in the absence of skilled personnel (Maville Huerta, 2008). In both theories, that is totality and simultaneity paradigms orientation is mainly meant to the individuals and not the society. Although the concept of a person is linked to family and community, most of the nursing theories including the traditional health promotion are individualistic. The theories mainly focus on the life variations for the individual’s behavior. Furthermore, conceptualization of nursing is a crucial aspect. The social aspirations of nursing career were developed as a result of scientific proficient knowledge and skills. The faulty moral superiority in the 1970s and 180s led to the emergence of the health consumer movement. The clients or patients interrogated their nurses, claimed for their rights and were exposed to an original source of information to make the decision about their health. The aspect changed the role of the nurse from intervening’’ the cause of disease. Most of the radical expressions viewed or identified nurses as contaminants of the individual’s health. As a result, nurses were eliminated from the perspective since people know their own way more efficiently. The theory of human becoming, individuals know their own way and reflectively. The nurse in real presence bears witness to the person’s unfolding and becoming’’ (Mitchell Cody 1992 p. 60). Thus, the clients w ere given the responsibility to determine about health. Paradigms The term refers a pattern of shared empathize and conventions about the authenticity of a particular word. Paradigm acts the determinant of the research topics to be analyzed, how to carry out the investigation and derivation of theories in the nursing career. Paradigm is divided into various categories which include empirical paradigm, interpretive paradigm, and critical paradigm. Different phenomena analyzed that nursing research is diverse and thus pragmatic methodology is crucial to understand the discipline better.   Besides, pragmatic approach is essential as it allows nurses to address research questions with the correct guiding strategies. Moreover, this concept enables the objective of nursing to promote health and at the same time relieve sufferings (Weaver Olson, 2006). Therefore, the researchers are not required to support the ideological camp firmly instead they are supposed to select a research methodology appropriate to the phenomenon under investigation. The types of paradigms include empirical paradigm, interpretive paradigm, and critical paradigm. First, empirical paradigm stipulates that no reality is lawfully certified through one’s senses. Thus, skills and knowledge are acquired as a result of controlling the challenges entailed in the variables with the aim of determining their relationship. According to the researchers, empirical paradigm significantly contributes to research in the nursing career. It enables the growth and testing of the hypotheses, the interrelationships that exist between different variables as well as the comparison of the variables. The theoretical development of empirical nursing is essential since it enables one to predict the type of theory that can be established in each nursing paradigm. The empirical paradigm has contributed towards the development of various theories in nursing. For instance, the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (SCDNT) theory which states, nursing is required when personsà ¢â‚¬â„¢ needs for self-care exceed their ability to provide self-care’’ (Orem, 2001). Secondly, the interpretive paradigm is crucial in the nursing discipline (Weaver Olson, 2006). The interpretive paradigm inspects the phenomenon through the use of bear eyes. Thus, the experience and knowledge of the individual are important as it should be beyond quantifications of an external observer. The interpretive paradigm veracity is usually based one’s perception (Gillis Jackson, 2002). Thus, there is no existence of reality as compared to the empirical paradigm. The interpretive paradigm is qualitative to enhance comprehension of the phenomenon that is experienced by a particular population. Therefore, the method is important as it allows the researchers to comprehend the phenomenon through eyes in the presence of other people. The theoretical development in the interpretive paradigm is different from the empirical paradigm. The general evolution of the empirical paradigm is based on deduction, analyses, and testing of the theory. Conversely, interpretive paradigm employs the use of induction and theory for its development. The middle range theory of resilience which recognizes the unique experiences and changes of a person, however, it is essential in the nursing setting (Polk, 1997). Also, the critical paradigm is an important method in the nursing career. The method mainly centers on social struggles, ascendancy as well as institutions which aim at the development of democratic civilization (Gillis Jackson, 2002). Therefore, this method aims at the elimination of oppression of the community. According to Butterfield (2013), nurses employ the use of practice to change parents’ beliefs. The aspect aims at changing the health beliefs that individuals have. The nursing practices significantly consider the societal factors and ways that should be employed to act on the elements. The research in this method mainly focuses on the creation of change. Besides, critical paradigm focuses on strategy development, partnership and consciousness-raising (Wuest, 2012). The theoretical development that can be applied to this method is the feminist theory. The theory is relevant to nursing as a female profession. Thus, lack of knowledge in the nursing career is linked wit h lack of respect for women in the society. According to Wuest (2012), indicates that feminist theory should be applied in research to eliminate the aspects of feminism in the society. Ways of Knowing Nursing Concepts The clients identify nurses in various ways.   The nurses are identified using aspects such as empirics or science, ethical, aesthetics or art, personal as well as social-political understandings. First, the science of nursing is used in nursing identification. Carper stated that there is a critical need for knowledge about the empirical world, the knowledge that is systematically organized into general laws and theories for the purpose of describing, explaining and predicting phenomena of special concern to the discipline of nursing (Carper 1978 pp.14). The knowledge is essential since it links the nursing theory to application practice. The application of empirical knowledge enables nurses to interpret unidentified clinical challenges and have an immediate response. Also, an art of nursing is used in the identification of nurses. The aspect of art in nursing is identified as the ability to connect or relate with patients. The art is crucial as it enables an individual to pursue a degree nursing field. The art of nursing varies from science nursing. The art cannot be physically touched or examined. It involves factors such care and empathy that should be employed to the patients (Carper, 1978). Besides, ethical knowledge is used to influence patient’s care. The nurses are required to comprehend the moral principles such as privacy, advocacy, autonomy, and confidentiality. Nurses should employ the principles in an atmosphere of respect of the values as well as morals of other individuals. It is necessary for nurses to develop the code of ethics to stick to the nursing profession. Watsons theory of human caring demonstrates the concepts of the nurse to be aware of any decisions and exceptionality of each client with the aim preserving ones dignity (Watson, 2009). Moreover, personal knowledge is applied in the identification of nurses. This process involves self-reflection and legitimacy of the nurses. Additionally, social, political experience is essential as entails the social, economic, political and the cultural practices of the nursing career. The socio-political can be practical in the nursing field through examination of minor sociological factors such as labelin g (Community Health Nurses Association of Canada, 2008). Types of Theories in Nursing The grand nursing theory presents the widespread perceptions and propositions. Most theories at this level can be used to explain attitudes, but on the other hand, they are not applied in empirical testing. Thus, the grand theory is limited to direction and prediction of nursing in certain conditions. At this level, all theories are projected to be relevant to all cases in the nursing field. Additionally, the middle range nursing theory is appropriate in nursing practice. This theory was anticipated by Robert Merton (1968); a sociologist provided this approach to be used in challenging condition and proper empirical testing. The middle range theories are not detailed as compared grand theories. However, they provide an effective bond between the grand theories and nursing practices (Fawcett, 2000). Furthermore, the nursing practice theory is applied in nursing situations. The theory has the most limited scope and is particularly used in particular nursing conditions. All theories developed at this level have direct effects in the nursing practice. The theories in this level provide contexts for nursing interventions and its impacts. Additionally, theories in this level employ the use of nursing questions and events in nursing exercise (Hickey, 2009).

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Aldo Leopold’S Essay “The Land Ethic” Was Published In

Aldo Leopold’s essay â€Å"The Land Ethic† was published in A Sand County Almanac. The short paper confronts the imperfections in the most common approaches in preserving the environment. Leopold’s answer is to develop a new branch of environmental ethics to model humanity’s ever-changing relationship with the environment. Leopold observantly describes the history of ethics, the meaning of community with the land and why it’s appropriate to do so. Toward the end of the essay – as the reader is ready for Leopold to thoroughly explain his moral code – he ambiguously finishes, â€Å"A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends otherwise† (Leopold, 224–225). The reader†¦show more content†¦Again, the reader turns to Leopold to provide a concrete ethical viewpoint. But this is nearly impossible because Leopold doesn’t have the answers to fix the biotic clock. Any viewpoint he relays might result in complete failure. Leopold is calling for a philosophical shift rather than a change in our actions. In the beginning of the essay, Leopold references The Ten Commandments and The Golden Rule. The pair of ethical viewpoints guides our everyday relationships in society. The Ten Commandments is a documentation of ten moral rules that are set in stone (pun intended.) The Golden Rule is a single principle of mutuality: treat others how you want to be treated. While one approach is only to be obeyed, the other depends on deep self-reflection. To truly know how to treat someone, we must think about consequences and respect one another. The land ethic is not a list of rules, which should be taken for what it is, but an attitude that can change on a daily basis. Leopold seeks to reconstruct humanity’s ethical knowledge to its core. He observes the way humans interact compassionately, and is determined to explain why it is important to extend this compassion to the environment. â€Å"It is inconceivabl e to me that an ethical relation to the land can exist without love, respect, and admiration for land and a high regard for its value† (LeopoldShow MoreRelatedYeah717 Words   |  3 Pagesto live longer and produce more children. During the mid-1700s, the industrial revolution greatly increased population. It was a shift from an agricultural society to an urban society powered by fossil fuels. What is the tragedy o the commons? Explain how the concept might apply to an unregulated industry that is a source of water pollution? The tragedy of the commons was written by Garret Hardin. Hardin argued that unregulated exploitation would cause environmental depletion. What is environmentalRead MoreThe Greatest Epa Cleanup Program889 Words   |  4 PagesI read a few of the essays published by Aldo Leopold from 1998 to 2001 in a book of collective essays called For the Health of the Land. The collection is a plea from Leopold for the development of land ethic. He believes that humans have the responsibility to interact with the land in ways that promote its good being. Even though the essays were published over 50 years ago, progress in Leopold’s concept of land health has just begun. The EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) are helping by conductingRead More History of the Origins of Environmental Ethics Essay1045 Words   |  5 PagesHistory of the Origins of Environmental Ethics The inspiration for environmental ethics was the first Earth Day in 1970 when environmentalists started urging philosophers who were involved with environmental groups to do something about environmental ethics. An intellectual climate had developed in the last few years of the 1960s in large part because of the publication of two papers in Science: Lynn Whites The Historical Roots of our Ecologic Crisis (March 1967) and Garett Hardins The Tragedy

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Taming Of The Shrew Inside Essay Research free essay sample

Taming Of The Shrew Inside Essay, Research Paper Despite the fact that Shakespeare is largely known for its tragedian dramatists, yet, in The Taming Of The Shrew, he one time once more proves that he is capable to write anything even comedy. The Taming Of The Shrew is a drama within a drama. However, the drama takes topographic point towards the terminal of the sixteenth century. Most of the comedy scenes are shifted from the metropolis to the state and back to the metropolis. Therefore, most of the scenes took topographic point in the metropolis of Padua, Italy. Christopher Sly is a bibulous tinker who appears in the initiation of the drama. However, he is fooled by a Godhead saying that he is a Godhead and has been huffy for 15 old ages. Therefore, there is a drama that is to be performed to the drunker. In the drama there are two chief characters and other child personalities. As one of the chief characters, Katherine is called a termagant, even by her male parent Baptista, but Katherine has a deeper character than what she seems to look. Katherine # 8217 ; s reactions are due to the penchants that her male parent resembles between her and her sister. However, as a effect to her male parents # 8217 ; penchant she is hurt and seeks for retaliation. It is an immature response, but the lone one she knows, and it serves for her double intent of her injury and retaliation. The transmutation that she undergoes near the terminal of the drama is non one of character, but one of attitude. She alters dramatically from the bitter accursed termagant to the obedient and happy married woman when she discover that her hubby loves her adequate to try to alter her for her ain good, every bit good for his. The other chief character is Pretruchio her hubby. On the surface he appears to be a unsmooth, noisy, and insensitive, one who cares nil for Katherine # 8217 ; s feelings so long as she has money. Yet, in the interior Petruchio # 8217 ; s purpose is non interested for her money but the challenge of capturing her because of the repute that she has. Like a secondary character is Katherine # 8217 ; s sister Bianca. Apparently in her soft behaviour, she is an unkind sister and through the drama she is in fact a disobedient married woman. She fosters her male parent # 8217 ; s attitude of favouritism for herself and disfavor for Katherine by playing the portion of a whole victim. As another secondary character, there is Lucentio. He is a affluent adult male devoted to Bianca for vague grounds. He marries Bianca after traveling through many hard undertakings in order for them to acquire married. They are possibly a typical brace of immature lovers ; they think merely of themselves, and each considers his single wants before those of his beloved. Baptista is the male parent of Katherine and Bianca. He is the annoyed male parent, holding trouble get marrieding his two girls because one of them is a termagant. He is non, an object of understanding, since Katherine is a termagant because of his intervention of her. He ignores the inquiry of his girls # 8217 ; felicity in seeking couples for them. He wants, in the instance of Bianca, to do a good deal and obtain the highest possible fiscal, grants from the suers and, in Katherine # 8217 ; s instance, merely to acquire rid of a job kid. A minor character is Vincention. He is the father Lucentio. He is highly fond of his boy and finds himself in heartache when he discovers that his boy may hold been harmed. He has a bad pique and he shows a worse choler when he finds out that Tranio has tricked him. Hortensio is a suer of Bianca. He is fundamentally a good adult male, but possibly foolish. Throughout the drama he declares his existent individuality to Petruchio and subsequently he discovers that Bianca and Lucentio have been holding a love affair between them. Gremio, he is called a Pantaloon and is characterized as such. As aged gentleman, he seeks the manus of a immature miss. Grumio, Petruchio # 8217 ; s retainer ; he is a amusing retainer who provides several wit scenes. Finally, Tranio, he originally adopts Lucentio # 8217 ; s place with some of reluctance, but he displays an increasing enthusiasm for the function as the drama progresses, until he is denounced as sham by Vincentio. In the drama there is a secret plan and subplot. In order for Bianca to acquire married her sister Katherine has to acquire married foremost. The secret plan consists of Petruchio geting from the state with his retainer, Grumio, meaning to happen himself a married woman. He visits his old friend Hortensio, who jestingly suggest that he marry Katherine. Petruchio declares that her luck is adequate for him, irrespective of her personality. Petruchio announces himself to Baptista as a suer of Katherine and holds a stormy, private interview with the immature lady, after which he sets a nuptials day of the month even though Katherine strongly objects. He so leaves for Venice to fix for the nuptials. Petruchio arrives at his marrying really tardily and laughably attired. After get marrieding Katherine, he forces her to return to the state with him instantly, go forthing the nuptials feast to the Guam Eastern Times. When they arrive home-cold, tired, and hungry-he garbages to allow her eat or kip. He finds mistake with the meat and the devising of the bed, feigning that they are non good plenty for Katherine and she shall hence hold none. Petruchio is chastening his married woman as he is would chasten an animate being. However, Petruchio continues his taming. He offers to buy finery for Katherine for a trip to her male parent # 8217 ; s house, but so finds mistake with all the clothier and a seamster have to offer, reasoning that she must have on what she has already. The subplot in the drama is with Bianca. Lucentio, a immature adult male from Pisa, arrives in Padua with his retainers, Tranio and Biondello, to analyze. He sees and falls at one time in love with Bianca. Lucentio, in camouflage, offers himself to Baptista as a coach to Bianca, and Hortensio, in camouflage, does similarly. To disvert, Baptista # 8217 ; s attending from Lucentio, Tranio becomes another suer for Bianca # 8217 ; s manus, presuming Lucentio # 8217 ; s individuality, at his maestro # 8217 ; s direction. Baptista now informs Gremio and Tranio that whichever one of them offers the finest dowery may hold Bianca in matrimony. Tranio wins out, but Baptista says that he must hold Lucentio # 8217 ; s father understanding to the dowery, since it is a big sum that he can non believe that Vincentio would be portion of it. Lucentio, in the camouflage of a coach, declares himself to Bianca, who is at foremost cautious, but shortly finds herself in love with him. Hortensio is horrified at Bianca # 8217 ; s behavior toward Lucentio, and gives up her suit for her, declaring that he will get married a widow who has loved him for some clip. Tranio persuades a Pendant to presume the function of Lucentio # 8217 ; s male parent, by stating him that he is a citizen from Mantua and he is in danger in Padua and must therefore make-believe to be from Pisa. The flood tide of the chief secret plan is hence, when the termagant is tamed, although she was neer a existent termagant. Petruchio, Katherine, and Hortensio are on the manner to Baptista # 8217 ; s house. On their manner Petruchio comments how bright the Moon is, and Katherine tells him that it is the Sun instead than the Moon. Petruchio replies that it will be what he says it is or they will return place at one time and non travel to Padua. After all she agrees with him that the Sun is the Moon ? be it moon, or Sun, or what you please to name it a rush-candle, Henceforth I vow it shall be so for me ( The Taming Of The Shrew, Act IV-scene V, lines15-17, pg.187 ) . During their trip, they overtake Vincentio, on his manner to Padua to see his boy. Petruchio calls him a immature miss, and Katherine agrees that he is so a lovely immature virgin. On their manner Petruchio informs Vincentio that his boy is about to get married with Katherine # 8217 ; s sister when they last saw him. However, he thinks that they are jesting with him. The flood tide of the subplot is when Lucentio and Bianca are married, and he admits to the misrepresentation which he practiced to derive her love. When Petruchio, Katherine, Hortensio, and Vincentio arrive in Padua and Vincentio knocks on the door, he declares himself as the male parent of Lucentio. Furthermore, Tranio, Baptista, and Biondello make-believe to non cognize and get down naming him a madman, he thinks that Tranio and Biondello have murdered his boy. When the officer is about to collar the older adult male, Lucentio and Bianca appear and they say they are married and Lucentio explained everything that he did in order to acquire married with Bianca. After the confusion was solved the three newlywed twosomes gathered together in a feast in Lucentio # 8217 ; s house. Hortensio and Lucentio are dubious that Petruchio was able to chasten Katherine, hence, they are express joying of him. Petruchio says that his married woman is the most obedient one from the three of them. However, each one of them called their married woman. Bianca said that she was excessively busy and can non semen, the widow states that Hortensio should travel her alternatively, and Katherine as being the most obedient she was the lone 1 that went to her hubby. In add-on, Petruchio orders to Katherine to convey the other two married womans to the booming hall and delivers a talk on the responsibility a married woman owes her hubby. After all, they agree that Petruchio has tamed rather good Katherine. Love and matrimony are the concerns of Shakespeare # 8217 ; s Taming Of The Shrew. The drama offers different methods in wooing a adult female and taking a mate and so coming to the footings with the mate that 1 has chosen. We see the differences of Petruchio-Katherine and Lucentio-Bianca. The unhappy Katherine discovers how to be a happy Katherine. Petruchio has turned her from unreasonable aggressiveness to unreasonable entry, in order to obtain a comfy via media. On the other manus, Bianca seems to be seemingly the ideal adult female and at the terminal of the drama she seems to be unpleasant and crabbed, now that she is married. 38e Shakespeare, William. The taming Of The Shrew. New York: Pocket Books,1992.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

The Matrix (1018 words) Essay Example For Students

The Matrix (1018 words) Essay The MatrixThe MatrixIn viewing the Matrix, a 1999 Warner Brothers/Village Roadshow Picture release, there are numerous references to philosophy portrayed in the movie. In analyzing the Matrix one will be able to see how Descartes Meditations on Methodic doubt, his Evil Genius Hypothesis, and Platos allegory of the cave are portrayed in this film. According to Descartes Meditation on methodic doubt he tries to achieve absolute certainty about the nature of everything. In order to acquire absolute certainty, Descartes must first lay a complete foundation of integrity on which to build up his knowledge. The technique that he uses to lay this foundation is doubt. Descartes starts by looking at our usual sources of truth such as physics, astronomy, and medicine. He looks at these truths and doubts them feeling that these are not reliable sources of truth because time shows that we are all eventually proven wrong, much in the same way that science has been proven wrong over the courses of history. In relation to the Matrix, the Matrix is ?everywhere.? According to Morpheus, the leader of the resistance, The Matrix is everywhere; it is all around us, even now in this very room. You can see it as you look out your window or when you turn on your television. You can feel it when you go to work, when you go to church, when you pay your taxes. It is the world that has been pulled over your eyes to blind you from the truth (Matrix Movie). The truth that Morpheus speaks about is the truth that everyone in Neos world, including Neo has been born into slavery. They have been born into a ?prison? built for their mind. In regards to the meditations Morpheus is telling Neo that the world that he lives in is merely a false idea and should be doubted. However, telling Neo what the Matrix consists of is not enough. To fully understand what the Matrix is Neo will have to choose whether he wishes to learn about the Matrix or to believe what ever he wants to believe. Descartes methodic doubt can also be seen, as he doubts the senses. He considers the generally accepted view that our senses dependably report the absolute nature of reality, but discards the senses as a source of truth because of the dream argument, which states that there is no definite way of proving that you are either dreaming or that you are awake. Therefore it is possible that everything that we believe is false, making the senses an unreliable source. This dream argument can be seen in the beginning of the Matrix as Neo is told to ?wake up? by his computer. After ?waking? up, his computer tells him that ?the Matrix has you? he is confused with what is going on with his computer, the computer then continues to tell him to ?follow the white rabbit? and the conversation is then interrupted by someone knocking at his door. The person at his door is one of Neos clients making a deal with him for a computer disk in exchange for money. His client looks at Neo and tells him that he looks ?whiter? than usual. Neo still confused with what just happened to his computer says to his client have ?you ever had that feeling where youre not sure that your awake or still dreaming? (Matrix Movie). Neo here is confused with what is going on and does not know what is reality and what is a dream. Another instance in the Matrix that shows this argument is after Neo has taken the red pill from Morpheus and is getting ready to be transferred out of the Matrix. While getting ready to be transferred out of the Matrix into the real world, Neo touches a broken glass mirror and the glass from the mirror transforms to become part of his body. Neo questions what is happening to him and Morpheus tells Neo ?have you ever had a dream Neo that you were so sure it was real. What if you were unable to wake from that dream? How would you know the difference from the real world and the dream world(Matrix Movie) The glass is in the dream world and the fact that the glass is transforming to his body shows that the world that he thought of as the real world in actuality is the dream world. Descartes Evil Genius Hypothesis can also be seen in the Matrix. The hypothesis acknowledges the possibility of an all powerful, malicious being that is deceiving him about everything. This hypothesis in relation to the movie is the Matrix itself. The Matrix is made u p of computer simulations run by sentient computers or artificial intelligence (AI). The Matrix is the world that Neo believes is the real world. The AIs are running the world and are deceiving the people in this world by not showing them what the truth is by deceiving them in everything that they do. Platos allegory of the cave can also be seen in the Matrix. Platos theory is that we are like prisoners tied up on the floor of the cave. But we usually cannot see the cave itself, all we see are the shadows on the wall. Thus like the prisoner in Platos allegory that is freed and that goes and looks around, that also sees the cave and sees the fire burning which is producing the shadows inside the cave, Neo is like this prisoner in the cave and once freed from the Matrix he learns that these ?shadows? or the world that he thought was reality is being produced by the sentient computers. He sees now that he has been manipulated like a puppet through the Matrix. The Matrix is an excellent movie today that shows many deep insights into the philosophical world. The Matrix refers to many of Descartes meditations as well as Platonic overtones such as Platos Allegory of the cave. The Matrix shows an individual how you must question everything and that there are always two sides to a coin. 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